Steps In Construction of Residential Building 

Construction of residential building needed following paper work before the beginning of actual construction. These steps are;

Preparation of drawings as per necessities of customers.
Estimation of fabric value, labor value & contingencies.
Approval of drawings & estimates from shopper.
Approval of drawings from town Development Authority. it's most significant as a result of residential building drawings ought to meet the authority outlined rules.
Start of construction work either through contractor or labor employed on routine.
Marking of plot boundaries.
Cleaning of plot.
Preparation of web site layout as per drawing.
After the completion of documentation work, the particular construction on plot begins. Following ar the steps;

EARTH WORK

Generally excavation is distributed for the development of wall foundations. Excavation ought to be distributed as per the drawings outlined lengths & widths. once excavation, layout the inspiration and backfill the remaining excavated space around foundation with soil.

Floor levels of residential buildings ar over the natural ground level. Fill the world with soil up to floor levels and compact the soil. currently earth work of residential building is finished.

CONCRETE add FOUNDATION

It is terribly necessary to see the degree of foundation before concrete work. There ar patches wherever excavated depth slightly exceeds and contrariwise. Level the inspiration base to same level. currently pour the concrete as per drawing specs. usually concrete of quantitative relation 1:4:8 is employed for foundation. generally it's even 1:5:10 or 1:6:20.Here 1:4:8 means;

1 half cement per boxy

4 elements of sand per boxy

8 elements of coarse aggregates

Depth of foundation varies from 9” to 18” and ordinarily for many of the cases it's thought of as 12’’ depth. Keep foundation breadth equals to its depth.

DAMP PROOF COARSE (D.P.C)

To protect walls from wet, a layer of damp proof coarse material is set down at floor level. Thickness of this concrete layer is 0f one in.. Material of damp proof coarse layer consists of concrete quantitative relation 1:1.5:3 with a mix of water proof material 1kg/bag.

MASONRY WORK

Masonry work is carried out with cement mortar. Cement mortar is a mixture of cement & sand. Ratio of cement mortar varies from 1:4 to 1:6. Here (1:6) mean, 1 part cement and 6 parts of sand. Dampen about 25 bricks with a hose pipe and clean away all loose dirt from the top of footing and moisten about a meter of surface at one end of the foundation with the hose pipe. Throw a mortar line just behind the threaded level line and lay bricks on the mortar bed. Make sure bricks exactly follow the threaded horizontal level line.

LINTEL

Masonry work of buildings is carried out in one go till roof. Openings for windows & doors are left during masonry works. Reinforced cement concrete beams are laid down on the top of openings. So, those loads of structure above openings not directly come on to the door frames.

ROOFING

Roof slab of building is poured after completion of masonry works. Now a days, roofing is of reinforced cement concrete slab. Slab thickness & reinforcement details should be according to approved drawings.

PLASTERING & POINTING

Form work is removed after 14 days of slab pouring. Now plaster work begins. Mortar for plaster work is generally of 1:3 or 1:4 is used. Thickness of plaster layer should not be more than 0.75inch. Cure the surface about 7 days. So that, plaster gain proper strength.

Generally, internal walls of buildings are covered with plastered layer and external walls with pointing. It is better plaster the external walls rather than pointing.

DOORS & WINDOWS

Traditionally, doors and windows of woods are used. But, steel & aluminum is also not a bad choice. In case of wooden doors & windows, frames are fixed in walls during masonry work. Panels are then fixed with hinges after plaster work. Steel and aluminum doors are fixed after completion of paint work.

SERVICES

Services are very important for every single house. Different types of services are provided during construction. These are Electricity supply, gas supply, water supply, sanitary etc. Conduits for electric supply are fixed in walls before plastering. Similarly water supply and sanitary lines are also laid before pouring of building floor. Note that gas lines are not fixed in walls or slabs. Gas line remains open in air.

About The Author:-

Sp.Aswinpalaniappan M.E.,*

Member of American Concrete Institute

Sri Raaja Raajan College of Engineering and Technology

Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630301