LATERAL STRAIN, LONGITUDINAL STRAIN AND POISSON'S RATIO
Longitudinal strain:
Whenever the bar is subjected to the axial load, there will be an increase in the length of the
the bar along the direction of loading. Therefore the longitudinal strain is defined as the ratio
of increase in the length of the bar in the direction of the applied load to that of the original
length (gauge length).
i.e, e = dL/L
where
e= longitudinal strain
dl= increase in length
L = gauge or original length
Lateral strain: Whenever the bar is subjected to the axial load, there will be a decrease
in the dimensions of the bar in the perpendicular direction of loading. Therefore lateral
strain is defined as the ratio of decrease in the length of the bar in the perpendicular direction
of applied load to that of the original length (gauge length).
i.e, e = dB/B or dD/D
where
e= lateral strain
dd= decrease in depth
D= gauge or original depth
db= decrease in breadth
B = gauge or original breadth
Poisson’s ratio: The ratio of lateral strain to that of the longitudinal strain is termed Poisson's ratio
and it is represented by ϻ or 1/m.
i.e, ϻ or 1/m = lateral strain/longitudinal strain
The value of the Poisson’s ratio for most materials lies between 0.25 and 0.33.
Er. SP.ASWINPALANIAPPAN., M.E.,(Strut/.,)
Structural Engineer
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