Thumb Rules for Civil Engineering In Construction
1. Thumb Rule for Concrete Volume
The volume of concrete required = 0.038 m3/square feet area
Example:-If Plan Area = 40 x 20 = 800 Sq. m.
So, for the plan area of 800 Sq. m. the area the total volume of concrete required
= 800 x 0.038m3 = 30.4m3
2. Thumb Rule for Steel Quantity for Slab, Beams, Footings & Columns
Following are some important thumb rules for steel calculation for slab, beam, column, and footings.
Steel required in residential buildings = 4.5 Kgs – 4.75 Kgs / sq. Ft.
Steel required For Commercial buildings = 5.0 Kgs-5.50 Kgs/Sq. Ft.
You can also use BN Datta recommendations for the more accurate result,
The following recommendations Thumb Rules For Civil Engineering are given in B N Datta for the Steel quantity used in different members of the building.
3. Percentage of Steel in Structural Members
Following are thumb rules for reinforcement in concrete members,
1) Slab – 1% of the total volume of concrete (Slab steel calculation thumb rule)
2) Beam – 2% of the total volume of concrete
3) Column – 2.5% of total volume of concrete
4) Footings – 0.8% of the total volume of concrete
Example:
How to calculate the steel quantity of slab having the Length, width, and depth of the slab is 5m x 4m x 0.15m
Step 1: Calculate the Volume of Concrete:
The Total Volume of Concrete for given Slab = 5 x 4 x 0.15
= 3m3
Step 2: Calculate The Steel Quantity Using Formula:
As per the guidelines are given in the BN Dutta reference book the steel quantity of slab is 1% of the total volume of concrete utilized.
Thumb rule to estimate Steel quantity of above slab = Volume of Concrete x Density of Steel x % of Steel of Member
Steel weight required for above slab = 3 x 7850 x 0.01 = 235Kgs
For accurate estimation, you can refer to Bar Bending Schedule
Read More: Civil Calculator (Civil Engineering Calculator)
4. Thumb Rules For Shuttering Work
Shuttering costs are taken as 15-18% of the total construction of the building. Shuttering work is done to bring the concrete in Shape. The Thumb rule to estimate the shuttering required is 6 times the quantity of concrete or 2.4 times of the Plinth area.
For example, the concrete quantity is 0.5m3, then
Area of Shuttering is 0.5 x 6 = 3m2
Components of Shuttering
Shuttering Ply Quantity estimation
The Shuttering plate Ply, Battens, Nails are components of Shuttering.
Suppose, The Shuttering Ply has a length, width & depth of 2.44 x 1.22 x 0.012
The No. of Shuttering Ply Sheets = 0.22 times of Shuttering
Suppose, the Shuttering Area = 3m
Then Ply required for shuttering = 0.22 x 3 = 0.66m2
5. Battens Quantity Calculation
Shuttering Batten usually has a length & width of 75mm x 40mm.
Batten Quantity = 19.82 x No. of Ply Sheets
If work requires 25 Ply sheets, the total quantity of Battens are 19.82 x 25 = 495 Battens
Nails & Binding Wire Quantity in Shuttering:
Approximately, 75 grams of Nails were used in the shuttering of the 1m2 area.
75gms of Binding wire is used for every 1m2 of Shuttering.
Thumb rule for Shuttering oil estimation :
Shuttering oil is applied on the shuttering plate surface used to de-frame or de-assemble from the concrete easily.
Total required Shuttering oil = 0.065 x Total Area of Shuttering
(or)
For every 15m2 of shuttering 1 liter of shuttering oil is consumed.
Example :
If, total area of shuttering is 15 m2, then Shuttering oil Consumption = 0.065 x 15 = 0.975.
Read More: 17 Tips For How To Reduce Construction Cost
6. Thumb Rule for Cement, Sand, Coarse Aggregate Quantity Calculations
Note: 1 bag of cement = 50Kgs
Thumb rule for Cement required in Brickwork, Cement Masonry & Plastering work in construction.
7. Thumb Rules For Civil Engineers for Brickwork
following are Thumb Rules for civil engineering for brickwork and cement quantity calculations.
| Brickwork for 1m3 | Cement Qty in m3 | Cement Qty in Bags |
| 230 mm Brickwork | 0.876m3 | 25.4 Bags |
| 115 mm Brickwork | 0.218m3 | 6.32 Bags |
8. Thumb Rules For Cement Masonry Quantity
| Cement Masonry Type & Mix | Cement Qty in Bags | Cement Qty in Kgs |
| 200mm in Cement Masonry work of Ratio 1:6 | 0.124Bags/m2 | 6.2Kgs/m2 |
| 150mm in Cement Masonry work of Ratio 1:6 | 0.093Bags/m2 | 4.65Kgs/m2 |
| 200mm in Cement Masonry work of Ratio 1:4 | 0.206Bags/m2 | 10.3Kgs/m2 |
| 150mm in Cement Masonry work of Ratio 1:4 | 0.144Bags/m2 | 7.2Kgs/m2 |
| 100mm in Cement Masonry work of Ratio 1:4 | 0.103Bags/m2 | 5.15Kgs/m2 |
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