IMPORTANT POINTS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS
· Height
of Parapet wall should be 1m
· Thickness
of DPC = 2.5cm or 1” inch
· Height
of building = 3.15m
· Height
of window = 2.1m
· One
bag of cement = 1.25cubic feet or 0.0347m3
· Weight
of one cement bag = 50kg
· Minimum
thickness of slab = 125mm
· No.
of cement bags in 1m3 = 28.8 bags
· Lintel
thickness = 15cm
· Lintel
is provided at 2.4m in case of a brick wall
· Minimum the diameter of bass used in slap = 8mm
· Minimum the diameter of bass used in column = 12mm
· Minimum the diameter of bass in dowel bass = 12mm
· Maximum
ø bass in slab = ⅛×thickness of the slab
· Maximum
chair spacing = 1m
· Dimensional
tolerance of cube = ±2mm
· Maximum
water absorption of first-class brick = 15% if its day wt
· Initial
setting time of cement = 30minutes
· Final
setting time = 10hours(600minutes)
{OPC}
Ordinary Portland Cement
· DPR
= Detailed Project Report
· Unit
weight
1. RCC
= 25 KN/m3 = 25000 N/m3
2. PCC
= 24 KN/m3 = 24000 N/m3
3. Steel
= 7850 kg/m3
· 1
Gallon = 3.78 litres
· Minimum
No. of bass
1. For
square column or rectangular = 4bass
2. For
circular column = 6bass
· Standard
sand in India is obtained from Ennore, TamilNadu
· 1
Yard = 3 feet
· Weight
of steel = D2 / 162.2 kg/m
Weight
of steel = D2 / 533 kg/ft
· Slope
od staircase = 25o - 40o
· Size
of concrete testing cube = 150mm×150mm×150mm
· Concrete
cube is filled in 3 layers
· Slump the cone is filled in 4 layers
· Cement
should be used within three months of manufacturing
· Minimum the thickness of shear wall = 150mm
Maximum
thickness if shear wall = 400mm
· Universal the testing machine is used for compression test of concrete & tensile test of
steel reinforcement
· Minimum
curing period
1. 7days
→ Normal weather condition
2. 10days
→ Dry & Hot weather condition
· Minimum
percentage of steel in column = 0.8% of Gross area
Maximum
percentage of steel in column = 6% of Gross area
· Nominal
cover
1. Footing
= 50mm
2. Column
= 40mm
3. Slab
= 20mm
4. Beam
= 25mm
· Least
count:
1. Compass
= 30’ (30 minutes)
2. Dumpy
level = 5mm
3. Auto
level = 5mm
4. Theodolite
= 20” (20 seconds)
· Air
voids left in concrete is called as HONEY COMBING
· The
transverse reinforcement of column is called TIES
· The
transverse reinforcement in beams are called STRIPPERS
· TMT
→ Thermomechanically treated Bars
TMX
→ Thermax powered Bars
SD
→ Super ductile Bars
HYSD
→ High Yield strength Deformed bars
CTD
→ Cold twisted deformed bars
· Angle
of staircase = 25o – 40o
· Riser
= 150mm – 200mm
Tread
= 250mm – 300mm
· Minimum
hook length = 9D
· Standard
size of Brick = 19×9×9mm
· Modular
size of Brick = 20×10×10mm
· No.
of bricks in 1m3 = 500 bricks
· No.
of bricks in 230mm brick wall in 1cubic meter = 496 bricks (including wastage)
· No.
of bricks in 115mm thick wall for 1sq.m = 56
Bricks
· 8
– 12kg of binding wire is used per metric tonne of steel 1000kg = 8kg 12kg
· Cement
ingredients are burnt at 1400oC temperature
· 1BHK
stands for
1Bedroom, 1Hall, 1Kitchen
2B
· Short
columns fail in Crushing
· Long
columns fail in Buckling
· Intermediate
columns can fail in both Buckling and Crushing
· Cement:
Sand: Aggregate ratio for different grades of concrete
C:S: A
M7.5 1:4: 8
M10 1:3: 6
M15 1:2: 4
M20 1: 1.5: 3
M25 1:1: 2
· Segregation
is Separation of cement Sand and Aggregate w/c=0.4
1. This
is caused due to improper water-cement ratio w/c=
2. It
is also caused when concrete is poured above 1.5m high
· Bleeding:
when water comes out of freshly made concrete it is called as Bleeding of
Concrete
· Retarder
is an admixture added to concrete which keeps concretely workable for longer
time. It increases the setting time of concrete
Eg: Sugar is a retarder {accelerates calc2}
Gypsum
· Deflection
means temporary displacement
· Deformation
is permanent displacement
· The the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement in concrete is called as water
cement ratio
w/c = Weight of water = 0.4
Weight of
cement
w/c
= 0.4
w/c = 0.35
· 1
Ordinary Portland cement → General construction
2
Pow heat cement → Damns
Abutments
Retaining walls
3 Sulphate Resisting Cement → Marine
Structures prone to Sulphate attack
· Grades
of OPC
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
Grades
|
3 days
|
7 days
|
28
days
|
33
N/mm
|
16 N/mm2
|
22
|
33
N/mm2
|
43
N/mm
|
23
|
33
|
43
N/mm2
|
53
N/mm
|
27
|
37
|
53
N/mm2
|
·
Tensile
strength of concrete = 0.7 √fck
Flexural strength fck = 20 N/mm2 M20
· Modulus
od elasticity of concrete
Ec = 5000√fck
· Characteristics
strength
Strength below which not more than
5% of test results are expected to fail
100 cubes
M35
· Ordinary
concrete M10 M15
M20
· Standard
concrete M25 M20 M55
· High
strength concrete M60 M80
· RCC
(M20)
· In
mixer machine concrete should be mixed for 2 – 3 minutes
· Storage
of Cement
1. Cement
should be stored in dry places
2. 200mm
away from the floor (in a platform)
3. 300mm
away from walls
4. Not
more than 10 bags stacked
5. Away
from moisture & chemicals
· Water
absorption for bricks 1st class should be <20%
· Water
absorption should be <5% for the building stones
· F.O.S
for steel = 1.15
· F.O.S
for concrete = 1.5
· Youngs
modulus of steel Es = 2×105 N/mm2
· Types
of steel
1. Mild
steel
Fe 250
250 N/mm2 is characteristic strength
Fy = 250 N/mm2
· HYSD
→ High Yield Strength Deformed bass
ü Fe
415 Fy = 415 N/mm2
ü Fe
500 Fy = 500 N/mm2
Er.SP.ASWINPALANIAPPAN., M.E.,(Strut/.,)
Structural Engineer
We can provide what you want with your customization, and we will assure you to deliver the same.
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