ypes of Brick Bonds
Some of the different types of brick bonds are,
3. Stretching bond,
4. Heading bond,
5. Garden wall bond,
6. Facing bond,
7. Raking bond,
8. Dutch bond,
9. English cross-bond,
10. Zig-Zag bond,
11. Silverlock’s bond.
English Bond
English bond consists
of alternate course of headers and stretches. In this English bond
arrangement, vertical joints in the header courses come over each other
and the vertical joints in the stretcher course are also in the same
line. For the breaking of vertical joints in the successive course it is
essential to place queen closer, after the first header in each heading
course. The following additional points should be noted in English bond
construction:
(1) In English bond, a heading course should never start with a queen closer as it is liable to get displaced in this position.(2) In the stretcher course, the stretchers should have a minimum lap of 1/4th their length over the headers.
(3) Walls having their thickness equal to an even number of half bricks, i.e., one brick thick wail, 2 brick thick wall, 3 brick thick wall and so on, present the same appearance on both the faces, i .e. a course consisting of headers on front face will show headers on the back face also.
Isometric view of 1½ brick wall in English bond is shown below,
(5) In thick walls the middle portion is entirely filled with header to prevent the formation of vertical joints in the body of the wall.
(6) Since the number of vertical joints in the header course is twice the number of joints in the stretcher course, the joints in the header course are made thinner than those in the stretcher course.
Flemish Bond – Types of Flemish Bond
In Flemish bond, each
course consists of alternate headers and stretchers. The alternate
headers of each course are centered over the stretchers in the course
below. Every alternate course starts with a header at the corner. For
the breaking of vertical joints in the successive courses, closers are
inserted in alternate courses next to the quoin header. In walls having
their thickness equal to odd number of half bricks, bats are essentially
used to achieve the bond.
Flemish bond is further divided into two different types namely,1. Single Flemish bond,
2. Double Flemish bond.
This bond is a combination of English bond and Flemish bond. In this work the facing of the wall consists of Flemish bond
and the backing consists of English bond in each course. This type of
bonding cannot be adopted in walls less than one and a half brick in
thickness. This bond is adopted to present the attractive appearance of Flemish bond with an effort to ensure full strength in the brick work.
2. Double Flemish bond.
In Double Flemish Bond, each
course presents the same appearance both in the front and back
elevations. Every course consists of headers and stretchers laid
alternately. This type of bond is best suited from considerations of
economy and appearance. It enables the one brick wall to have flush and
uniform faces on both the sides. This type of bonding is comparatively
weaker than English bond.
3. Stretching bond:
In this arrangement of bonding, all the
bricks are laid as stretchers. The overlap, which is usually of half
brick, is obtained by commencing each alternate course with a half brick
bat. Stretching bond is used for half brick wall only. This bond is
also termed as running bond and is commonly adopted in the construction
of half brick thick leaves of cavity walls, partition walls, etc. Since
there are no headers, suitable reinforcement should be used for
structural bond.
4. Heading bond :
In this type of bonding all the bricks
are laid as headers on the faces. The overlap, which is usually-of half
the width of the brick is obtained by introducing a three-quarter bat in
each alternate course at quoins. This bond permits better alignment and
as such it is used for walls curved on plan. This bond is chiefly used
for footings in foundations for better transverse distribution of load.
5.Garden wall bond:
This type of bond is suitably adopted
for one brick thick wall which may act as a garden wall or a boundary
wall. In garden wall bond, it is possible to build uniform faces for a
wall without much labour or expense. This type of bond is not so strong
as English bond and its use is restricted to the construction of dwarf
walls or other similar types of walls which are not subjected to large
stresses. On accounts of its good appearance, this bond is sometimes
used for the construction of the outer leaves of cavity walls.
There are two types of garden wall bond,(a) English garden wall bond
(b) Flemish garden wall bond
(a) English garden wall bond. The general arrangement of bricks in this type of bonding is similar to that of English bond except that the heading courses are only inserted at every fourth or sixth course. Usually the arrangement consists of one course of headers to three courses of stretchers. A queen closer is placed next to the quoin header of the heading course to give the necessary lap.
(b) Flemish garden wall bond. This
consists of alternate course composed of one header to three or
sometimes even five stretchers in series throughout the length of the
courses. Each alternate course contains a three quarter bat placed next
to the quoin header and a header is laid over the middle of each central
stretcher.
This arrangement of bricks is adopted
for thick walls, where the facing and backing are desired to be
constructed with bricks of different thickness. This bond consists of
heading and stretching courses so arranged that one heading course comes
after several stretching courses. Since the number of joints in the
backing and the facing differ greatly, the load distribution is not
uniform. This may sometimes lead to unequal settlement of the two
thickness of the wall.
7.Raking bond:
This is a bond in brick work in which
the bonding bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety
degrees. This arrangement helps to increase the longitudinal stability
of thick walls built in English bond. In this arrangement of bonding,
the space between the external stretchers of a wall is filled with
bricks inclined to the face of the wall. This bond is introduced at
certain intervals along the height of a wall.
There arc two common forms of raking bond ;
(a) Herring hone bond
(b) Diagonal bond.
(a) Herring hone bond
(b) Diagonal bond.
(a) Herring-bone bond. This
type of bond is best suited for very thick walls usually not less than
four bricks thick. In this arrangement of brick work, bricks are laid in
course inclined at 45° in two directions from the centre. This bond is
also commonly used for brick pavings.
8.Dutch bond:
This bond is a modification of the old
English cross bond and consists of alternate courses of headers and
stretchers. In this arrangement of brick work, each stretching course
starts at the quoin with a three-quarter bat and every alternate
stretching course has a header placed next to the three-quarter brick
bat provided at the quoin.
This is similar to English bond and
consists of alternate course of headers and stretchers. However, in this
bond, queen closer are introduced next to quoin headers and each
alternate stretching course has header placed next to quoin stretcher.
This bond is sufficiently strong and bears a good elevation.
This is similar to herring-bone bond with the only difference that in this case the bricks are laid in a zig-zag fashion. This is commonly adopted in brick paved flooring.
11. Silverlock’s bond:
This is a form of bonding brick-work in
which bricks are laid on edge. It is economical but weak in strength and
hence it is only recommended for garden walls or partition walls. In
this bond, the bricks are laid as headers and stretchers in alternate
courses in such a way that headers are laid on bed aid the stretchers
are laid on edge forming a continuous cavity.
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