Total Station Setup and Operation
Total Stations, a combination of an electronic theodolite and distance meter, are a precise tool for many geological surveying projects. The fundamental measurements made by a Total Station are slope distance, horizontal angle, and vertical angle. All other values returned by the instrument, such as coordinates, are derived from these values. The precision of the instrument, which can give relative positions of points to millimeters, is only obtained by using appropriate surveying procedures. Surveyors have developed these procedures to minimize imperfections in the instrument, detect operator errors, and minimizing errors due to curvature and refraction. The most useful of these procedures is double centering. This is where readings are taken with the instrument in two different positions. This allows instrument and operator errors to be detected and corrected. Other procedures require that readings be taken between two points in each direction in order to eliminate refraction errors. In addition to using correct procedures, the user must also allow atmospheric conditions
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